Monthly Archive

230 Tennessee Confederate soldiers are recognized as buried at McGavock cemetery. They are contained in sections 51-66.

Quarles’ Brigade had 37 killed: 42nd, 46th, 49th, 53rd and 55th TN.

Gordon’s Brigade had 51 killed; 11th, 12th, 13th, 29th, 47th, 51st, 52nd and the 154th TN.

Strahl’s Brigade had 29 killed; 4th, 5th, 19th, 24th, 31st, 33rd, 38th and 41st.

Carter’s Brigade had 42 killed; 1st, 4th, (prov), 6th, 8th, 9th, 16th, 27th, 28th and 50th TN.

Smith’s Brigade had 3 killed; 2nd, 10th, 15th, 20th, 30th, and 37th TN.

The Tennesse section and marker is at the far left end of the cemetery, just to the left of the entrance to the McGavock family cemetery, and across from the Texas section.

This marker is inscribed with the simple phrase, “gone but not forgotten”. When the almost 1,500 Confederate soldiers were originally interred in McGavock cemetery after the Battle of Franklin (December 1864), almost all of them were identified by temporary markers. Since then we only know the identity of 780 soldiers. Some 558 men are now officially unknown.

This blog is dedicated to all the Confederate soldiers who fell at Franklin in 1864. We are not interested in resurrecting the ‘Lost Cause’ and we don’t approach the Civil War as Neo-Confederates. Rather, by honoring and respecting the lives of the Confederate dead at McGavock, we are saying that our nation continues to heal from the breach that severed North and South almost 150 years ago.

We particularly want to do all we can to remember those soldiers who are identified and buried at McGavock. “Gone but not forgotten.”

James A. Hampton was a member of the 8th TN Infantry (USA), which fought at Franklin.

The 8th Tennessee Infantry fought in the 3rd division, 1st Brigade, led by Brig Gen James A Reilly, at Franklin (Nov 30, 1864).

The 1st Brigade was made up of the 12th and 16th KY, the 100th, 104th and 175th Ohio, and the 8th TN.

The other two brigades fighting with Reilly’s were Casement’s and Stiles.

See a larger map of the 8th’s position at Franklin

Reilly’s brigade was quite active at Franklin capturing eight color flags of the enemy.

“At the main line, Alvah and his Union comrades watched in horror as the men of Wagner’s 2nd & 3rd Brigades were overrun by the advancing Rebel onslaught. It wasn’t too long before Wagner’s men began pouring down the Columbia Pike and up and over the breastworks into the protection of the main Federal line. Strickland and Reilly’s Brigades of the 23rd Army Corps were soon overwhelmed with their comrades and Rebels coming through at almost the exact same time. The tidal wave of fleeing Federals and screaming Rebels caused the front Union regiments in the line to break apart in the confusion. Retreating commanders of Wagner’s brigades yell for their troops to “rally in the rear.” The men of Strickland and Reilly’s Brigades hear this and believe the order is for them too, and fall back also. The Confederates have now penetrated deep into the Union center and have begun to surround the Carter House. Disaster seems loom for the Federal troops.”

* * * * * * * * * * * * * *

Report of Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield, U.S. Army,
commanding Army of the Ohio. (on the battle of Franklin)

Brigadier-General Reilly, commanding (temporarily) the Third Division, Twenty-third Corps, maintained his lines with perfect firmness, and captured twenty battle-flags along his parapet.

The Third Division saw 48 killed, 185 wounded, 97 missing at Franklin. Those were the highest casualty numbers for any division in the 23rd Army Corp at Franklin.

According to Jacobsen, For Cause and Country (Ch.8):

“As Opdycke’s men stopped the confederate push west of Columbia Pike, the 12th Kentucky, 16th Kentucky, 175th Ohio, and 8th Tennessee regiments of Reilly’s reserve tried to do the same to the east. After the 1st Kentucky Battery and the front line had been overrun, the men of these four regiments moved forward, the Kentuckians in the lead. Several of Opdycke’s Illinois regiments also helped Reilly’s reserves. Some of the Kentucky companies had Colt Revolving Rifles, and the Confederates were exhausted from their long sprint to the Federal lines. To make matters worse, the Confederates had become disorganized and could not present a coherent line to face this new threat. These reserves managed to drive the Confederates out of the Federal main works east of the Columbia Pike. The Confederate breakthrough was growing smaller.”

Wiley Sword (from pages 223-224):

“About forty yards from Reilly’s works, and nearly in front of the salient at the cotton gin, an ounce of lead, little more than a half inch in diameter and traveling about 1,000 feet per second, found its mark. It was the work of but an instant; a great chasm in Southern history frozen in microseconds. In one shocking moment Pat Cleburne collapsed to the ground, carrying with him perhaps the best hopes of a dying Confederacy’s western army. A lone minie ball had struck just below and to the left of his heart, shredding veins and arteries like tissue paper as it ripped through his body. In a few moments he breathed his last. Pat Cleburne lay dead, his battle saber still grasped firmly in his hand, and his lifeblood soaking the white linen shirt and gray uniform vest with a slowly expanding blotch of crimson. After all the glory and the anguish, it had come to this. Perhaps the South’s most brilliant major general, the “Stonewall Jackson of the West,” his ideas scorned by his president and his competence punished by his commanding general, had been required to lead a suicidal frontal attack like some captain of infantry. Was it God’s decreed fate, or simply man’s stupidity?

“In the latter part of June 1863, this company (Co.I) attacked about two hundred of the enemy on Col. John Overton’s farm, killed two, captured twenty whites and about one hundred wagons and teams. On the same night of the same day, at Franklin, a detachment of the company, under Capt. Perkins, captured a picket post, including the captain commanding, a Sergeant and a Corporal.”

Perkins above is Thomas F. Perkins, Jr., member of Company I, 11th TN Cavalry. He was from Williamson County, TN.

Williamson County Historical Society Journal, #28 (1997)pp. 86. The text was written by J.B. Lindsey in Military Annals of Tennessee: Confederate.
[Company I, 11th TN Cavalry)

Image credit: The Williamson County Historical Society.

More Confederate soldiers from Mississippi lie at McGavock than any other State represented. These boys assume sections 22-50. The number of Mississippi boys reflect the brutal cost paid by Featherston’s and Scott’s brigades as they absorbed Union artillery shelling on the far left Union flank.

The 31st MS regiment has the highest known number of men buried at McGavock, twenty-one. The 31st MS was part of Featherston’s Brigade, BG Winfield S. Featherston, fighting also with the 3rd, 22nd, 31st, 33rd, 40th Miss., 1st Miss., Battalion.

Click here to see a large map of the Battle of Franklin, with an enlarged map of the Eastern flank.

Regarding the action the Mississippi boys saw . . .

Stiles’ and Casement’s men found a thick hedge of osage about fifteen yards south of their position, an almost perfect natural abatis. They went to work cutting some of it down and using the refuse to extend its reach farther west until most of their front was covered by the prickly limbs. Along the line the boys topped the earthen walls with head logs for added protection. . . . Only a fool would attack such a position of strength.

- Patrick Brennan, The Battle of Franklin, North & South magazine, January 2005, Vol. 8., No.1: page 32.

Near the Harpeth River, Major General William Loring’s troops could begin to see the looming Federal line protecting Reilly’s division. Buford’s dismounted troopers and Brigadier General Winfield Featherston’s Mississippians advanced between the river and the Lewisburg Pike, their line bisected by the Central Alabama Railroad. To their left, the Alabamians of Brigadier General Thomas Scott’s brigade had fallen behind as they guided on the pike, the enemy artillery in Fort Granger contesting their advance. Suddenly, at a range of two hundred yards, the Federal artillery upporting Reilly’s line exploded, followed quickly by riflery from Israel Stiles‘ and James Casement’s brigades, six regiments of battle-tested Indianans. In a blinding flash, the Confederate battle line shivered as Federal iron tore trough the rebel front. Of the carnage, one Confederate survivor remembered, “Our troops were killed by whole platoons; our front line of battle seemed to have been cut down by the first discharge, for in many places they were lying in their faces in almost as good order as if they had lain down on purpose.”

Featherston’s boys recoiled from the impact then pressed forwar, but fifty feet from the Yankee line they ran into the impenetrable hedge of osage. Grown to a stinging thickness by the locals to control cattle, the hedge line now provided a perfect barrier against the rebel assault, too high to surmount and too dense to winnow. The Mississippians came to a halt, searching frantically for a way through the natural abatis. As they did, they became little more than sitting ducks for the Indianans across the way. Only near the opening at the pike were the Yankees slightly tested. A pitifully small set of survivors planted two Mississippi flags on the earthworks, but they were almost immediately killed or captured. One survivor described it as “a tremendous deluge of shot and shell . . . seconded by a murderous sheet of fire and lead from the infantry behind the works, and also another battery of six guns directly in our front.” It was, he said, a “scene of carnage and destruction fearful to behold.”

Featherston’s right-most regiments crawled along the ground trying to find another way through the obstructions, but when they curled into the railroad cut marking Stiles’ left, the 120th Indiana palstered their van with musketry. Farther north, Battery M, 4th U.S. Artillery, began to spray the cut with canister, while Cockerill’s gunners in Fort Granger added their own plunging fire. Even a battery east across the Harpeth weighed in. Caught in the maelstrom were Buford’s troopers, belly down on the banks of the Harpeth trying to escape the murderous sweep.

- Patrick Brennan, The Battle of Franklin, North & South magazine, January 2005, Vol. 8., No.1: pages 39-40.

The Soldier’s Pen: Firsthand Impressions of the Civil War
by Robert E. Bonner (Author)
2006

You can search inside this book at Amazon

From the publisher:

They are all infantrymen; none were commissioned officers. One is a German-speaking artist whose sole record is nineteen stunning watercolors that cover a yearÕs enlistment. Another is a free black from Syracuse, New York. Six are from slave states, one of whom was a Unionist. Drawing from the more than 60,000 documents housed in the privately held Gilder Lehrman Collection, Robert E. Bonner has movingly reconstructed the experiences of sixteen Civil War soldiers, using their own accounts to knit together a ground-level view of the entire conflict.

My Dear Wife,

Thinking a few lines would be acceptable to you although I suppose you know our whereabouts before this time but I suppose you would like to receive a word from me.

I should have written yesterday but I was on guard and John Gooch wrote to his wife and I told him to tell his wife to tell you that I was all right.

The orders for Leesburg was countermanded the night wrote from Chantilly after midnight. It appears that we had been transferred to Gen. Hooker’s command and he did not know that our time was so near expired but on the contrary thought we were 3 years men with the remainder of Ambrecomby’s division but our officers mad the fact known to him and he ordered us here.

I do not know as I am anymore out of harms way here than I was there but I am nearer home and can lay down with out expecting to hear the long roll beat at night.

I think it was very lucky for us that we did not have to go to Leesburg for it would have been a fatiqueing march through the enemy’s land and perhaps other causalities might have been coupled with the march.

I do not know as I can write anything definite about our coming home. It is thought that we shall not start from here before Tuesday and if we start then I cannot tell hown long we shall be on the way but I hope to be at home the 4 of July so we can go strawberrying for I should like some strawberries and cream first rate.

I do not know as I have any thing of interest to write so hoping that kind providence will continue his watchful and protecting care over us I close.

From your true and loving husband, C W Gooch

PS. My health is good and I stood the march first rate. If we should go by Wednesday or before I shall not be likely to write again.

God bless my dear wife. C.

Camp at Chantilly, Virginia

Lt. David W. Poak of the 30th Illinois Volunteer Infantry was at Forts Henry and Donaldson, Corinth, Vicksburg, Atlanta Campaign ,March to the Sea, and the Carolina Campaign . He was awarded a 17th Corps Medal of Honor for the Battle of Atlanta when he was conspicuous in Rallying his men, advancing to the front, encouraging his men,firing muskets rapidly at the enemy, and by his service and gallant example materially assisting in bringing his regiment again into action.

Lt. D.W.Poak
30th Illinois Infantry

Jackson,Tenn.

June 26th /62

Dear Sister,

It has been sometime since I last wrote to you and during that time I have recd’ two letters from you . The last one was dated the 8th . I have no particular excuse to offer for my delay in writing as we have been in camp ever since I last wrote so you will have to attribute it to my lazyness .In your last letter you spoke about having recd’ a letter from Pa. I was extremely glad to hear from him for it had been so long since we had had any news from him for so long that I had almost given up hearing from him again .We are still at Jackson but since I have commenced writing we have recd orders to be ready to march at 7 oclk this morning and considering that it is now almost six I have not much time to write .I dont know anything about where we are going but I think we are going up the railroad toward Columbus.The weather is very warm and dry but I cant say it is as warm as I expected it would be at this season of the year.Fruit of all kinds is very plenty .Wild Plums grow in abundance and are ripe . They are most delicious .They are as large as our tame plums were at home and are very good either cooked or green .Blackberries are also getting ripe and are plenty. The citizens are still strong secesh but are getting considerable tamer than they used to be.They have chuch here every sabbath day but as a general thing the attendance of citizens is not very large considering the number about the place.For some reason or other you appear to be very suspicious about me telling you when I get sick . It was not me that went to the Hospital but the other Lieut. Elijah B. David. Our Capt’s name is Francis G. Burnet. You need have no fears about me for if I get sick I will tell you so in words that you cannot misunderstand. I had not heard of Col. Martin’s death till I recd your letter. I was very sorry to hear it for he was as good a soldier as ever shouldered a gun. And a great deal too brave a man to have to lay down his life on account of southern traitors but I must stop as it will soon be time to start, excuse this short letter as I have written it in great haste .

Write soon,

Your brother,

David W.Poak

Kingston NC
December 5 1864

My Dear Lizzie,

[In part.....]

I receive a letter last week from Joab dated 25th November; he was well and in comfortable winter quarters. He still desires a transfer to our Co. and I have today fixt up some transfer papers and sent them up to him. He will forward them up through the proper channel, but I have but little hope they will be approved. I don’t know indeed whether Joab will want to come here when he finds that Will intends leaving the Regt. Will says he going to tender his resignation l… as he is returned to duty and I think it highly probable that I will have to ask to be retired or resigned one of the two. I am pronounced unable for active service in the field by our Surgeons and I suppose I will have no difficulty in getting out, but I will try it a while longer, and I do not improve I will seek and easier birth.

We will try to get Joab here however and in case Will and I both leave we will try to get him out too, if he desires it. Will is having a good time. Nothing to do and no responsibility. He is engaged today in making a pot of soap and a barrel of …..beer. I can’t tell hoe he will su… but I guess Very Well. Dr Lyle came down Saturday last and stayed with us until this morning when he returned to Raleigh. The Boys were glad to see hem and I think much pleasured with his visit. He told us of the affair at Franklin before I received your letter. I was a bold affair that those fellows ought to have been killed, guess they will re… and try it again. I fear trouble has just Commenced in that locality. I look for more trouble in …, has yet been…Sherman’s grand march thorough Georgia will develop more disloyalty in the mountain district than exists before.

But I hope to the present gloom will soon be dispelled by Sherman’s defeat. We have nothing reliable from Sherman. Can’t tell what they are doing in Georgia but my opinion is Sherman will plant himself in Savannah before Christmas and in that even what will be the result is a question of time. I will not venture any prediction as to what will be the end of our troubles.

My kindest regards to all,

God Bless you,

goodbye

John

Written by JB Cunningham (from Macon NC) a commissioned officer with the 6th & 7th (65th regiment) North Carolina Calvary.

Joab Moore (from Macon NC) a Srgt with the North Carolina 16th infantry

Source: eBay, June 2007

Aldie, June 25 / 63

Orpheius Kin

*********************

Albinus R. Fell enlisted on 9 December 1861 as a private in the OVC. He was promoted to Corporal in 1862 and then Quartermaster Sergeant in 1863. Known by several self-ascribed names, he primarily signed his letters “Bill” or “William”, although he did, for some unknown reason, occasionally sign off as “Oscar”, “Paul Clifford”, “Sixteenstring Jack”, “Orpheius Kin” or various other obscure names. He does state in one of his letters “…my name I will not write that for various reasons…”, so perhaps it was to purposely conceal his identity. His wife Diana - whom he also referred to as Lydia - had a bit of trouble in her later years claiming his pension due to the discrepancies regarding his name ! A General Affidavit was submitted on Diana’s behalf attesting to the fact that Fell served in the Ohio 6th, that he was the only “Fell” in the company, and while in the service “…Albinus Fell always went by the name of Bill Fell…”. His discharge took place on 12 December 1864 in Petersburgh, VA.

Born in 1840 in Mercer County, PA., Fell - according to his letters - seemed to have had a very difficult time growing up, and in one instance referred to abuse he suffered at the hands of his father. His bitterness regarding his family of origin is palpable and made for a brave, fierce soldier. Fell and Diana married on 14 December 1861 in Trumbull County, Ohio and following his service, went on to have 3 children - Clara, John and Jessie. Fell was employed as a retail druggist and merchant. 

eBay auction item - February 2008 - Item #250214007175

The 39th MS fought at Franklin; French’s Division, Sears brigade. The 39th MS also fought with the 4th, 35th, 36th, 39th, 46th Mississippi; and the 7th Mississippi Battalion.

McGavock records show a Moscow Pitts (probably Moscow T. Pitts) from the 39th MS, Company E, Sears brigade as buried at McGavock [Section 41 Mississippi].

Another Moscow Pitts with the 4th TN, Company K, is listed as buried at McGavock [Section 60 TN]; Strahl’s brigade.

The 4th TN fought with the 5th, 19th, 24th, 31st, 33d, 38th, 41st Tennessee regiments.

How strange is it that two men, both with the same name die at Franklin in 1864; one in a Mississippi regiment and another in a Tennessee?

My Dear Wife,

I guess you will think wonders will never cease when you receive these lines.

We have just received orders to march for Leesburg without delay distance about twenty five miles. What there is up I cannot tell. One thing certain, we shall not be much father from Washington than we are now and there is a railroad from there to Alexandria so we have time to go there and be in Washington by the 30th. There is a good many in hopes that the order will be countermanded before we start. If it is not, we shall be in line at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning. There is not much spare time for it is about 9 PM now.

I shall carry nothing with me but my overcoat and rubber blanket and one shirt. All my other things I have packed in a box and am going to try and get them to Washington.

I expect this will come very unexpected to you and I wish it was other ways for I think more about your feelings then I do about myself. I do not know as I had ought to write but I thought if I did not write the suspense would be worse to you that it would to know the reality and if I have done wrong you must excuse me for I do not wish to do anything to wound your feelings but I know your nature so well that I think you had rather know the certainty of it and it is not too late yet for us to get orders not to go. We are not so near it yet as we were going with Gen. Banks but you must recollect that we are poor short sighted mortals and cannot tell what is best for us. Perhaps it will be the best thing we can do is to go there tomorrow for it has been one continual string of mercies that has kept us so far and all we can do is to hope that the same merciful hand that has protected us so far will continue his protecting power over us. Still I feel like doing my duty as a man until my term of service expires hopeing that he who notices the sparrows fall will take care of me. And now for my sake do not worry about me for you cannot turn one of you hairs white or black and now I shall have to close my dear for it is past nine now and we shall start at 5 instead of 6 if the order is not countermanded.

So hoping soon to see you I close. From your affectionate and loving husband, C.W.G.

PS. I expect I shall lose my things for the teamster that we engaged to haul them has backed out and I cannot carry them but I do not care much. They are not very valuable. Please excuse all mistakes. (Charles W. Gooch)

The 46th TN fought with Quarles’ brigade, Walthall’s division, AOT at Franklin. The 46th TN fought alongside the 1st Alabama; 42d, 48th, 49th, 53d, 55th Tennessee at Franklin.

McGavock records show:

Lt. William L. Hope (# 14) buried in section 52 TN. He is listed as a LT., in the 46th TN, Company D., Quarles’ brigade. (Marker right)

also

Captain Pleasant M. Hope (#33) with the 46th TN, Company D, Quarles brigade. Marker below.

These are the only two Hope’s listed in the 46th by CWD.

According to Eric A. Jacobson, For Cause and Country (2006); p. 315-16; William and Pleasant were brothers. Jacobson also includes a touching letter from Pleasant wrote to his infant daughter, whom he never saw.

April 25, 1864

It is with pleasure and delight that I write you a few lines, which will be the first letter you ever received, and one too which I hope you will preserve until you can read it.

By the misfortunes of war, I have been separated from your Momma, but by the blessings of God, I hope to soon return to you, never more to leave you, until death shall separate us. My dear and only child, be a good girl, ever love and obey your affectionate Momma, and don’t forget your first letter writer, who has not nor never will forget you, who daily prays to God, in his infinite mercy, to spare, bless and protect you amid the troubles of this world, and should you live to be old, may God bless you and prepare your soul in this life to go to that happy world after death.

Your father,

P.M. Hope

Source: The Carter House Archives

A surgeon in the 124th Indiana, William King’s Civil War service was at its most intense during the Atlanta Campaign, when his regiment was almost continuously engaged.

June 23, 1864:

“The rebel prisoners that I have seen are all large fine looking and healthy men. They don’t look much like being starved. I think what starving is done is on our side. Our boys are nearly all the time on short rations and they would give any thing almost for sow belly as they call it, as they draw none of it, but get fresh beef instead. I do not eat the beef as it is poor and badly butchered…”

SPRING HILL, June 23, 1863–7 a.m.
Major-General WHEELER:
My command present is composed of three regiments; effective strength, 1,100. Shall cooking utensils and ambulances be taken? I am ready to move at a moment’s notice.
J. W. STARNES,
Colonel, Commanding Brigade.
—–
O.R.– SERIES I–VOLUME XXIII/2 [S# 35]
Correspondence, Orders, And Returns Relating To Operations In Kentucky, Middle And East Tennessee, North Alabama, And Southwest Virginia, From January 21 To August 10, 1863.
CONFEDERATE CORRESPONDENCE. ETC.–#11
Page 883

The 7th MS battalion served with French’s Division, Sears’ Brigade alongside the 4th, 35th, 39th and 46th Mississippi regiments.

McGavock has a soldier named Pvt. William Lott (#267) as buried in section #39 MS. He served in the 7th MS battalion with Company B.

Also buried at McGavock is . . .

Pvt. William M. Lott, (age 16 or 19 at death), Co. E. 15th Mississippi Regiment buried in Ms. Section 41, Grave 300, of the McGavock CSA Cemetery.

Were Lott #267 and Lott #300 related?

Tim Burgess says, “I do believe they were “distantly related” as were all of the Lott family in Carroll and North Mississippi having been descended from Aaron Lott of South Carolina. But I do not believe they were Father and Son.”

William M. Lott (#300) of the 15th was the son of Toliver Lott, Co. K. 30th Mississippi and brother of (Andrew) Jackson Lott of the same regiment.

Other “William Lott” men serving for Mississippi according to CWD include:

• William Lott, 17th MS P. Rangers Cavalry [Not in existence in 1864]
• William Lott, 42nd MS Infantry [ANV in Nov 1864]
• William Lott, 28th MS Cavalry [Forrest's Cavalry, Army of Tennessee]
• William A. Lott, 27th MS Infantry, Company F [Cheatham's Division, Wathal's Brigade, AOT at the time]
• William A. Lott, Corporal, 24th MS Infantry, Co G [the 24th did fight at Franklin; Brantley's brigade, Johnson's div]
• William J. Lott, 2nd Lt, was in the 27th MS Infantry, Co F [the 27th fought at Franklin; Brantley's brigade, Johnson's div]
• William R. Lott, Pvt, was in the 27th MS Infantry, Co G [the 27th fought at Franklin; Brantley's brigade, Johnson's div]

The Spirit Divided: Memoirs of Civil War Chaplains, The Confederacy
John Wesley Brinfield, Jr.
2006

From the publisher:

In this anthology of Civil War memoirs, we get a clearer impression of some of the chaplains who served during that Great Conflict. Chaplains were among the most omnipresent observers on the battlefield, and some wrote extensively about their experiences. Eighty-seven of the 3,695 chaplains who served in both armies wrote regimental histories or published personal memoirs, not counting a multitude of letters and more than 300 official reports. Yet, there has never been an extensive collection of memoirs from chaplains of both the Confederate and Union armies presented together.

In this groundbreaking work, many of the Confederate chaplains write that they opposed secession and submitted to it only when war was inevitable. Moreover, some of the ministers who became chaplains were active in ministry to black slaves. They spoke out against the neglect and abuse of those held in bondage both before and during the war. For example, Reverend John L. Girardeau formed a large mission church for slaves in Charleston, South Carolina, before the war; Reverend Isaac Tichenor criticized the abuses of the slave system before the Alabama Legislature in 1863; and Chaplain Charles Oliver preached to black laborers in the Army of Northern Virginia in 1864 with the thought that more needed to be done for them. While these efforts may appear trivial in the face of the enormity of the entire slave system, they do reflect that a social conscience was not completely lacking among the Southern chaplains.

From the battlefield to the pulpit, Confederate chaplains were surprising and complex individuals. For the first time, explore this aspect of the great struggle in each chaplain’s own words.

The 8th MS was part of Cleburne’s Division, Lowrey’s Brigade, 1st Brigade, Army of Tennessee.

The 8th MS fought with the 16th, 33rd, 45th Alabama; and the 5th, 32nd MS; and the 3rd MS battalion.

It is possible that the two Myers listed buried at McGavock were related. The muster roll for the 8th MS also lists two more soldiers by the same last name.

Jacobson (p. 84) lists the following boys in Mississippi Section 31 at McGavock.

#143 James M. Myers | 8th MS | Co. B | Lowrey | Confirmed in CWD

#144 George W. Myers | 8th MS | Co. B | Lowrey | Confirmed in CWD

CWD also lists:

John H. Myers, Co. B

T.J. Myers, Co. B.

Question: are they brothers or related?

My Dear Wife,

Thinking you would expect me to write today I thought I would comply with your request and try and den you a short epistle to let you know that I am well and hope you enjoy the same blessings.

I received a letter from you last Friday. I am sorry you feel so anxious. It will not do any good and only make it worse for you so you must keep up good courage.

The most of the boys are not going to write today. They think we shall be on the move by tomorrow for home. I hope we shall but whether we be or not, I thought it would not be any harm to write a few words.

I cannot write any news about our coming home. The officers especially the Colonel, thinks we shall start tomorrow or next day for certain.

We have had it rainy here for two days passed and it has cooled the ground so it is very good going now on the pike. I should like to start now for home. I think I could make Washington before tomorrow morning if they would give the order.

And now my Dear Wife, I will close by hopeing soon to see you.

C. W. Gooch

Camp at Chantilly, Virginia

“To preserve the graves, John McGavock designated two acres of land adjoining his family cemetery to which the remains could be removed for a more secluded and protected resting place. He, as well as other concerned Franklin citizens, raised the necessary money to have the bodies disinterred and reburied in order by state in the spring of 1866. The inscriptions on the grave markers, which had remained in place on the battlefield, were carefully preserved by Carrie McGavock in the Cemetery Record Book. The numbers on the present markers correspond to numbers in the book. John and Carrie McGavock cared for the McGavock Confederate Cemetery for the rest of their lives.

Winder McGavock lived at Carnton with his family until his death in 1907. His widow sold the house out of the family in 1911. The McGavock Confederate Cemetery has been maintained since then by the Franklin Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.

Carnton passed through several owners from the time it left the McGavock family until September 1978, when the Carnton Association acquired the house and ten acres and opened it as a historic site. Today, Carnton is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a National Historic Landmark for its role in the battle of Franklin.”

Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture excerpt

Their web site states:

“Our goal is to create a public/private Civil War battlefield park commemorating the 1864 Battle of Franklin. This park, located on what was the eastern flank of the Franklin battlefield, will not only provide a historical perspective of this major Civil War battle, but will also be a preserved green space for all to enjoy.”

What is Franklin’s Charge?
Franklin’s Charge is not a separate preservation organization, nor does it replace current preservation groups. Franklin’s Charge is made up of representatives from all of the existing preservation and conservation organizations in Williamson County. It also relies on the support and input of national preservation associations who share our vision for a battlefield park in Franklin.

Franklin’s Charge, A Vision and Campaign for the Preservation of Historic Open Space, has reached far beyond the original coalition group to include men and women from every walk of life in the Franklin, Williamson County and Middle Tennessee communities. Franklin’s Charge has cut across and through all the lines that seem to normally separate us as it seeks to preserve and memorialize our collective history - whether our history be north or south, black or white, or we’re recent arrivals to this nation. In the end, what happened at Franklin during those five tragic hours affected all of us, as it helped forge us into one nation.

Soldiers of the Cross: Confederate Soldier-Christians and the Impact of War on their Faith
Kent T. Dollar

From the publisher:

This book is about war’s impact on the religious faith of individual Confederate Christian soldiers. The tribulations of war drove these men to new spiritual heights; and after the war, these men took up leadership positions in their postwar churches. This study closely traces the spiritual progression of individual Christian soldiers.

Thousands of Southern Christians enlisted in the rebel armies when the Civil War began, and tens of thousands of battle-hardened fighting men made wartime professions of faith. On the whole, these soldiers became more religious as the war progressed, but what was the long-term effect of four years of war and defeat on the faith of Christian soldiers? The stories of the nine individuals studied in this book vividly illustrate the impact of the Civil War on faith. This study includes an examination of the antebellum, wartime, and in most cases, postwar lives of these men who represent a cross-section of Southern society, Southern religion, and the Confederate military. The tribulations of war drove them to new spiritual heights and greater maturity. Early on as well as throughout the war, these steadfast Christians read their Bibles, associated with other Christian soldiers, attended religious services, and communed privately with God. During times of increased military activity, the threat of death and concern for loved ones crowded the soldiers’ minds. The realization that they had little control over these matters moved these men to rely on God to protect them and their families; and God proved faithful, thus strengthening their trust in Him. Furthermore, these men grew in their emulation of the virtues of Christ. Not only did they become more spiritually inded, but also their worship took on new significance, they exhibited more humility, and they sought to serve God more actively. It was during the postwar era, however, that these Christian veterans fulfilled formal roles as the Lord’s servants. The men in this study who survived the war returned home and took up leadership positions in their local churches, where they served faithfully until their deaths.

Visit author Robert Hick’s official web site.

Robert Hicks, author of Widow of the South

“For the past two years, I’ve headed up Franklin’s Charge: A Vision and Campaign for the Preservation of Historic Open Space [www.franklinscharge.com] in the fight to secure and preserve both battlefield and other historic open space in Williamson County. Franklin’s Charge has taken on the massive mission of saving what remains of the eastern flank of the battlefield at Franklin – the largest remaining undeveloped fragment of the battlefield – and turning it into public battlefield park which will, in my dreams, eventually run from the Lotz and Carter Houses [www.carter-house.org] on Columbia Avenue to Ft. Granger and Carnton Plantation, with significant holdings around Breezy and Winstead Hills.[www.civilwarinteractive.com]“

Letter from KIA Sergeant Clifford Woods of the 62nd New York Infantry, Company E, or Anderson Zouaves

Harpers Ferry Va

Jan 23rd, 1864

A few months before Woods was killed in action at the Wilderness. 

Since I wrote the enemy have moved down in front of us some eleven thousand strong and are composed of Cavalry and mounted Infantry with some Artillery. Our Artillery was playing upon them (to use a military phrase) all day yesterday. We have been having some very cold weather here…still I never enjoyed better health in my life. I feel very grateful to you and Uncle for your kindness in offering to give me the charge of the farm this coming Summer and yet I hardly know how to answer you for I do want to study as much as I can after my term of service expires which will be on the 30th of June However, I can study through the winter and should be very much pleased to do the best I can for you on the farm until that time. Aunt Melissa, this is the holy Sabbath and how I wish I were with you away from these scenes of profanity, vulgarity, and bloodshed. ‘Our Heavenly Father give me grace and strength to resist temptations and do my whole duty in a right manner is my daily prayer‘ but oh, it is hard to do this and resist evils.

Late in 1863, the 62nd New York Infantry fought in the Mine Run campaign before heading into winter quarters. During Woods’ three years’ service, the regiment also engaged at Yorktown, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, the Seven Days Battles and Gettysburg. Woods mustered into service on 3 July 1861. He was killed at the Wilderness on 6 May 1864.

Source: eBay, June 2007

Soldier’s identity:

Residence was not listed; 18 years old.

Enlisted on 5/1/1861 at New York City, NY as a Private.

On 7/3/1861 he mustered into “C” Co. NY 62nd Infantry
He was Killed on 5/6/1864 at Wilderness, VA

Promotions:
* Corpl 12/1/1861
* Sergt 1/8/1864

Intra Regimental Company Transfers:
* 8/15/1861 from company C to company E (Estimated Day)

Letter from Edgar E. Conant written while on discharge for disability.

1 November 1863

Sister Mary

The first part of your letter seems to imply that I have expressed in gratitude for your kind attentions to me while incapable of taking care of myself. I hope that you will remember that I am no longer an impulsive boy and that as I have grown older my disposition has under gone a change. To day I can appreciate your kindness probably as well as if I were still older. If there was any other way than word of exposing my gratitude I would willingly do it. You say ‘Frank may some time want for a home.’ It is my hope that he may not experience the loss of parents for many years, hence but if by the will of God he should, he has my solemn promise that he shall not worry while I have health and power to prevent. I often think of eternity although I have never made a public confession of my faith, yet I realize my position. I am glad to hear of Elisia’s marriage. it is the way of the world. I believe I should be tempted to end my existence if I had a scolding wife.’

Edgar Conent mustered into Company C of the 25th MA Infantry on 21 October 1861 and was discharged for disability on 13 March 1863. He then mustered into Company G of the 42nd MA Infantry on 21 July 1864 and mustered out on 11 November 1864.

Source: eBay, June 2007

Notes:

At the time of this letter Conant was a member of the U.S. Forces, Newport News; 18th Corps, Dept of Virginia and North Carolina

Soldier’s identity:

Residence Northbridge MA; a 21 year-old Shoemaker.

Enlisted on 10/12/1861 as a Private.

On 10/12/1861 he mustered into “C” Co. MA 25th Infantry
He was discharged for disability on 3/13/1863 at New Berne, NC

He also had service in:
“G” Co. MA 42nd Infantry  (100 days)

Letter from Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Wright of 9th New Jersey Infantry, Company K, to his daughter.

Petersburg, Virginia
13 August 1864

‘Your very kind mother informs me that you are improving in the art of reading and writing. Now I would like you to know that this is of the greatest pleasure to me. If while I were here suffering and enduring hardship for the Sacred cause of Freedom, you were deprived of the means of obtaining an education and of enjoyment, I should be one of the most miserable and disheartened of men. But since you have a very good mother to care for you a School to go to and a Church and Sabbath to attend, with kind teachers and every means of attaining a knowledge of Christ and a means of usefulness in future, I am content and happy?’

Source: eBay, June 2007

Soldier’s identity:

Residence was not listed;
Enlisted on 10/15/1861 as a Sergeant.

On 10/15/1861 he mustered into “K” Co. NJ 9th Infantry
He Re-enlisted on 11/25/1863
He was discharged for wounds on 5/15/1865

He was listed as:
* Wounded (date and place not stated)

Promotions:
* 1st Sergt 6/3/1863
* 2nd Lieut 3/11/1864
* 1st Lieut 11/27/1864 (As of Co. F)

Intra Regimental Company Transfers:
* 12/26/1864 from company K to company F

History of the 9th

On June 21 the 9th crossed the Appomattox and took possession of the rifle-pits beyond the City Point & Petersburg railroad, where on the day following it assisted in repelling a charge of the enemy, losing 1 man killed.  It remained in the works some days longer, participating in several sharp conflicts brought on by the enemy, who was in all cases repulsed.  There in the front line the regiment remained, with brief intervals of relief in the second line, until July 29, losing several men, but not having any pitched engagement.  On the 29th marching orders were received and the command proceeded to a new position to act as a reserve to the 9th corps in front of which the “Burnside Mine” was exploded on the 30th.  A day or two afterward it returned to its position and again went into its intrenchments, remaining for a fortnight exposed to a steady fire from the enemy.  On Aug. 16, Maj. Hufty was wounded in the left arm, and the staff of the regimental state colors was cut down by Confederate sharpshooters–nine bullets passing through the colors.

ALS from KIA soldier Clifford Woods of the 62nd New York Infantry, Anderson Zouaves.

Headquarters Albany / May 23rd

Year is omitted but is most likely 1861, shortly after Woods enlisted.

Excerpt:

”we have had pretty hard times our Company are the most of them discouraged and some of them have run away for my part I have found no reason to complain as long as our company holds together I shall go with them…I expected to have to endure trials and hardships although I never expected to see so much vice swearing, drinking, fighting, gambling and sensuality have no end here…our Captain has done all that he could do for us. he has put us in ahead of 51 companies that came here before us. we have been inspected and accepted into a good regiment. Our bord is very good now although when we first came here we had to live on every thing that was nasty…I have not relished a meal of victuals since I have been here. we have been found with only shirts, one pair of drawers, caps and shoes. I have not been very well for two or three days…but let come what will I shall never have the name of a deserter. I have commenced reading the testament through by course and intend to read some in it every day till I read it through’‘

The 62nd New York was engaged at Yorktown, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, the Seven Days Battles and Gettysburg. Clifford Woods enlisted as a Private on 1 May 1861, and was mustered into Company C on 3 July 1861. He was promoted as high as Sergeant of Company E before being killed in action at the Wilderness on 6 May 1864.

Source: eBay, June 2007

Soldier’s identity:

Residence was not listed; 18 years old.

Enlisted on 5/1/1861 at New York City, NY as a Private.

On 7/3/1861 he mustered into “C” Co. NY 62nd Infantry
He was Killed on 5/6/1864 at Wilderness, VA

Promotions:
* Corpl 12/1/1861
* Sergt 1/8/1864

Intra Regimental Company Transfers:
* 8/15/1861 from company C to company E (Estimated Day)

History of the 62nd

The 62nd, “Anderson’s Zouaves,” composed mainly of members from New York City, Brooklyn, Albany, Troy and Saltersville, N. J., was organized at Saltersville and there mustered into the U. S. service June 30 and July 1, 1861, for three years.  It left for Washington on Aug. 21, 1861, and in October was assigned to Peck’s brigade, Buell’s division, Army of the Potomac, which in March, 1862, became the 1st brigade, 1st division, 4th corps, Army of the Potomac, and reached the Peninsula in time to share in the operations before Yorktown, the battle of Williamsburg and the battle of Fair Oaks.

Letter by Frederick J. Scott of the 47th Pennsylvania Infantry, Company E.

10 October 1862

‘Sunday morning. It is all beautiful and with the solemn tones of the church bell breaking on the ear reminds me of those Sabbath mornings years ago when, with a purer heart and happier, I went up to worship with the just. What change time has brought since then! When a land of peace and unity with no sectional strife to override the public trust - no bitter hating between the brothers of the north & south - now a land of civil war of blood shed. Of sectional strife & contention between brothers, which will fight to the death of desolated homes & bereaved parents, of orphans and widows! & Of sorrow and remorse which a generation will not wipe away. We have two months pay due as yet. Use this as you please. I can only regret I have not more. Write soon, yours as ever, Fredrk J. Scott.’

Source: eBay, June 2007

Note:

At the time of writing Scott was  with the U.S. Forces, Beaufort; 10th Corps, Dept of the South

Soldier’s identity:

Residence was not listed;
Enlisted on 9/16/1861 as a Corporal.

On 9/16/1861 he mustered into “E” Co. PA 47th Infantry
He died on 2/22/1865 at Danville, NC

He was listed as:
* POW 10/19/1864 Cedar Creek, VA

Promotions:
* 2nd Lieut 3/20/1865 (Not Mustered)

4th PA Infantry 

Under Gen Brannan the brigade embarked for Key West on Jan. 27, 1862, and remained there until June, when it moved to Hilton Head, S. C., where it performed picket duty until ordered to join Gen. Brannan’s  expedition to open up the St. John’s river.  When this was accomplished, it returned to Hilton Head and engaged the enemy at Pocotaligo, where the troops were highly praised for their efficient service.

unidentified Union soldier to his sweetheart

15 August 1864

Letter reads in part:

‘My Dearest Ann

You will see by this that I haven’t left yet, but as soon as I finish this will go up to the hospital and get a discharge and my transportation and leave tomorrow morning, nine o’clock for the front. I have been here since my return in the same with Bob who (as you have probably heard) is wounded in the left leg just above the ankle & is doing very well. I have had my ambrotype put in your heart pin & think tis very well done & I feel gratified because you have desired it so long. The Yankee officers have all been been sent off from here, some to Charleston and other places. Old man cried, because he surrendered to 182 confederates. I am inclined to think God will bless us at no very distant day. Only we must trust in him and look to him for comfort in afflictions troubles and trials for he has said ‘I will not forsake you in six trouble and would be with you in the seventh’ only let us exercise faith and patience and he will approve us if we do our duty otherwise?”

Source: eBay, June 2007

Unidentified Union soldier

Camp on Meridian Hill, Washington D.C.,

Nov 17 /61

letter reads in part:

”Bill Brant and all the Chathan boys are well and hearty and in fact the boys in our company with the exception of 3 that was not well when they came and they are going to be discharged and sent home soon. There is some talk of our going down to South Carolina soon but I can not tell now any thing about it for there is so much talk around camp about this thing and that so we wait until we hear it from the headquarters and that is not generally heard until the time is ready to start. I do not doubt but that we shall go down that way and perhaps soon for they do not mean to attack the enemy in their dens in Virginia right away, that is the opinion here. They are not prepared down south as they are Virginia therefore if we go below them we can come in behind their fixings. I hope this war may soon be brought to a close and peace and prosperity once more reign in our midst and we all be permitted to return to our homes in good health and strength as we now enjoy but we can not tell what may befall us but I hope we may be able to meet what ever it may be our lot to meet with our nerves calm and our hearts relying on god for support and strength and feel that we are doing our duty to god and to man and to never cause a blush of shame to come over our dear friends faces that we have left behind.”

Source: eBay, June 2007

Calvin Roller of the 84th Pennsylvania Infantry to his girlfriend

Camp 84th Regiment Penn Vol’s
Petersburg, Virginia

June 29th, 1864

”Smoking is a practice that most every soldier participates in and I am sorry to say that I ben among the many that use tobacco in that way. Although I don’t use it to a great extent I find it affords me a great deal of pleasure. I never in my life drank any intoxicating liquors, only when used in medicine. Sometimes I see officers going into battle very drunk cursing them bad. you folks can’t be aware of the wickedness in the army. Sometimes I am afraid of God sending some plague down on our army for its wickedness. General Grant object to cuts off all communication with the Gulf States before he attempts to take Richmond. We have cut off all the roads but are and no doubt will accomplish the distruction of it before long. Gen Grant is a very obstinate man and will preserve till the end.”

The 84th Pennsylvania Infantry saw action in some of the war’s most pivotal battles including Chancellorsville, Wilderness, Spotsylvania Courthouse and Petersburg.

Source: eBay, June 2007

The 84th history

It shared in the siege of Petersburg until June 27, when it recrossed the James and took part in the action at Deep Bottom.

Probably James C. Roller (two are listed in the 84th though)

Massachusetts soldier M.O. Abbott.

Camp Slough / Alexandria Va.,

October 1862,

letter reads in part:

”Our ranks are not church going men and care little for the gospel ordinances or precepts. the majority seem to take a growing pleasure for more open and dangerous paths of sin. There are only 3 or 4 actual drunkards but nine tenth of the whole number were in the habit of using intoxicating drink. Some say they have never been in the habit of drinking at home but they believe it necessary here for the preservation of health. I cannot take their word as proof of their previous abstinence, The plea that it is needful for health is in most cases a false one and is simply made an excuse to check the stings of conscience. I have noticed that those who drunk the most are the oftenest of the sick list. The Officers of the regiment I believe all use liquor and the privates only imitate their example. Col. Magg. told the regt intemperance and profanity must cease that neither wold be tolerated and he would severely punish those who persisted in these sinful and degrading habits. But of what avail is it while he is guilty of the same crimes the younger portion of the soldiers are more likely to become swearers than drunkards. Conversation carried on with out profanity appears to the inconsiderable and immature mind insipid. I am happy to inform you that there is a bright side to this gloomy picture. A few faithful ones who stand firm in the strength of God. Since we came to Alexandria a prayer meeting has been held in the camp?’”

Source: eBay, June 2007

Soldier ID?

Might [very likely] be Moses B. Abbott of the 18th Mass.

Nathan Fiske [probably 51st Mass.]

Falls St. Croix, Wis.

April 8 / 63

Reads in part

My Dear Friend Chuck

There is mourning, mourning, mourning North and South on account of this wicked and cruel war. I believe it is as true that in a nation will not go unpunished as in an individual. This war is taking away the strength and in many instances the best blood of our nation. It is evident the God of Nations will not give us peace untill we put slavery away from among us. I am astonished that there is so much treason in the North and that so many honest men are blinded by the traitors. I hope there will be no attempt by our government to make peace until we can have it in a manner that God will approve?I am not married have never had one thought of it since my wife died, have never felt like talking about it.

Nathan Fiske

Source: eBay, June 2007

Soldier is probably……..

Nathan B. Fisk

Residence Sutton MA; a 39 year-old Operative.

Enlisted on 9/28/1862 as a Private.

On 9/30/1862 he mustered into “G” Co. MA 51st Infantry
He was Mustered Out on 7/27/1863 at Worcester, MA

Other Information:
born in 1823
Member of GAR Post # 25 (H. H. Legge) in Uxbridge, MA
died 11/5/1899

John Reed of the 18th Iowa Infantry,
Company B.

Ft. Smith, Ark. /
March the 8th, 1865

letter reads in part:

Father, Mother and Sisters

It was mismanagement of Government Officials and not the fault of Uncle Sam at all. And now I will give you the sequel. The General that was in Command has been removed and ordered to Washington and there is a strong probability that he will loose his Commission and we have a new order of things. We have a new General and we also have plenty to eat. You was lamenting about the poor Negro, that he was going to be free and be made better than the White man. Well I can tell you without fear of contradiction that they are better than a great many White men gave alms in the sight of men and yet laid grievious burdens on men shoulders, too grievous to be borne. Our Armies are going on conquering and to Conquer. It is not in their own strength but the God of Liberty and of Freedom is with us. You think according to the Richmond papers there is no prospect of peace (I was not aware before that you took the Richmond paper). The Johnies are in the last ditch and Grant and Sherman are about to push them to the wall.

son and Brother, John Reed

Source: eBay, June 2007

John Reeds info:

John Reed, a resident of Afton, Union County, Iowa enlisted in the Union army on July 28, 1862. Reed was twenty-six years old when he was mustered into Company “B” of the 18th Iowa Infantry.

The 18th Iowa was organized at Clinton and saw service in Missouri, Arkansas, and Indian Territory. The regiment made up part of the Frontier Division stationed at Fort Smith. It took an active part in Frederick Steele’s Camden Expedition and suffered its heaviest casualties of the war at the battle of Poison Spring. Following the failure of the campaign, the regiment returned to Fort Smith where it engaged in garrison duty until the end of the war.

Residence Afton IA; 26 years old.

Enlisted on 7/28/1862 as a Private.

On 8/5/1862 he mustered into “B” Co. IA 18th Infantry
He was Mustered Out on 7/20/1865 at Little Rock, AR

Other Information:
born in Ohio

See his letters

History of the 18th Iowa

Eighteenth Infantry IOWA
(3 years)

Eighteenth Infantry. Cols., John Edwards, Hugh J. Campbell
Lieut.-Cols. Thomas F. Cook, Hugh J. Campbell; MaJs., Hugh J.
Campbell, Joseph K. Morey.

This regiment was mustered in Aug 5, 6 and 7, 1862. Soon
after it moved to Springfield via St. Louis and Sedalia,
joined the Army of the Southwest under Schofield and marched
through Missouri into Arkansas. Returning to Springfield, it
formed a part of the garrison there during the winter.

On Jan. 8, 1863, Marmaduke’s forces, numbering over 5,000 men,
attacked the garrison, which consisted of not to exceed 1,500
men the 18th being the only regular organization there, with
detachments of several Missouri regiments, citizens and quite
a number of convalescents in the hospitals. The fight
commenced about noon and continued with varying success until
almost night, the enemy gaining ground at times only to lose
it by some daring charge, the tide being turned just before
dark by the coming up of five companies of the 18th, which had
been stationed at an outpost. They entered into the fight
with such energy that the enemy was driven into a stockade at
the outskirts of town and declined to give battle the
following day, having lost more than 200 in killed and
wounded. The loss of the regiment was 56 in killed and
wounded and the loss of the entire Union force was about 200.

The regiment remained at Springfield about a year, being
denied the privilege of participating in the stirring scenes
that were bringing glory to its sister regiments, but
performing well the duties so necessary in guarding the border
at that time. Col. Edwards assumed command of the post in
April, and in the fall was in temporary command of the
district of southwestern Missouri, and later in command of his
regiment, which formed part of the force that made Shelby
throw aside his artillery and much of his baggage to escape
his pursuers.

Reaching Fort Smith, Ark., on Oct. 30, the regiment was
assigned to garrison duty and spent the winter there, Col.
Edwards being placed in command of the post. In March, 1864,
the regiment moved with Steele’s forces to Arkadelphia, Col.
Edwards being in command of the brigade to which the 18th was
assigned. The command joined Thayer’s forces at Elkin’s
ferry, the intention being to effect a junction with Banks.
When the retreat of Banks was learned the entire command moved
to Camden.

It was engaged at Prairie d’Ane and at Moscow, where Edwards’
brigade stood the brunt of the attack and on being reinforced
drove the enemy for several miles. After some ten days at
Camden the regiment engaged in a severe battle. With one
section of the 2nd Ind. battery, it was sent to reinforce Col.
Williams of the 1st Kan. Colored regiment, guarding a forage
train. The force was attacked by several thousand troopers,
the Kansas regiment receiving the first shock, and giving way,
crowded through the lines of the 18th and left it to take up
the fight alone. Seven fierce charges were repelled more than
its own numbers were put out of action, but it was finally
surrounded, when, with fixed bayonets, it cut its way out and
reached Camden, having sustained a loss of 77 in killed,
wounded and missing.

The wretched three weeks’ retreat to Little Rock followed,
Col. Edwards holding the reserve and guarding the ordnance
train at the battle of Jenkins’ Ferry. Resuming its duty as
garrison at Fort Smith, the regiment moved on numerous minor
expeditions and was often compelled to forage to keep from
actual starvation, the river below being blockaded. Col.
Edwards was promoted to brigadier-general and was succeeded as
colonel by Lieut.-Col. Campbell. The regiment marched to Fort
Gibson in November to meet a supply train from Fort Scott, but
finding it had not arrived, set out on the evening of the 27th
with two ears of corn each and one tablespoonful of coffee for
each mess of four, as rations, and found the train over 100
miles distant four days later.

The regiment passed the winter and spring in alternate
starvation and plenty, remaining on garrison duty at Fort
Smith until the latter part of the summer of 1865, when it was
mustered out. Its original strength was 866; gain by
recruits, 9; total, 875.

Source: The Union Army, vol. 4

Danville Prizon #4- VA. 1863

Unidentified POW at Danville Prison No. 4 to his mother.

14 December 1863

letter reads in part:

”I am still a prisoner but through the blessings of God well and hearty. I am going to ask one more favor of you at home and I hope you will lay all your work aside and attend to it and I will try to pay you someday. Send me a cheese, 5 lbs. of salt 5 of sugar, 1 of spice, some hard soap. 50 cts worth of licorice. 50 cts worth of paper and some envelopes and any other articles you can think of that a prisoner may need. Try and have it sent as soon as you can get the articles together. Now don’t look at expense. I want all I have sent for if it costs me 25 dollars. We are doing pretty well since we came to D-? I am giving the Scriptures a thorough reading in my prison life“.

Source: eBay, June 2007

Frank I. Willis
51st NY Vols., Co. A.

Willis writes to his aunt

Camp Burnside
15 November 1861

”Yes I am here to participate in the vindication of my country’s honor to oppose armed rebels who seek the subversion of this, the only republican government that deserves the admiration of the world. We are all anxious to meet the enemy of our beautiful country and the spirit of ‘76 dwells in the bosom and strengthens the arm of all who join in the cause. In my God is my firm reliance and should I suddenly be ushered into the unknown world while fighting beneath the Stars and Stripes, I trust all will be well.

I am healthier than ever before it seems to me. Our rations have along back consisted of two crackers, a small piece of meat and a cup of coffee. Nice meals to grow fat on! We expect soon to go south and I doubt not but we shall see hard times within the month. Charleston is reserved for us. God is with us and there at Charleston victory awaits us?”

Source: eBay, June 2007

Notes:

Residence was not listed; 21 years old.

Enlisted on 9/13/1861 at New York City, NY as a Corporal.

On 9/20/1861 he mustered into “A” Co. NY 51st Infantry
He Re-enlisted on 2/25/1864
He was discharged for wounds on 3/1/1865 at Hospital, Washington, DC
(Douglas Hospital)

He was listed as:
* Wounded 7/30/1864 Petersburg, VA (Severely wounded in right leg, amputated)

Promotions:
* Sergt 8/30/1863
* 2nd Lieut 3/19/1864 (Not Mustered)

51st history

The 51st regiment contained six companies of the Shepard Rifles, two companies of the Scott Rifles and two companies of the Union Rifles and was organized in New York city, where it was mustered into the service of the United States July 27 to Oct. 23, 1861, for a three years’ term.

It left the state for Washington on Oct. 31, with 850 members, was assigned to the 2nd brigade, 2nd division, Gen. Burnside’s North Carolina expedition, and embarked at Annapolis Jan. 6, 1862, for Roanoke island. The first active service of the regiment was at Roanoke island, where it fought with courage and steadiness.

Camp 41st Geo. Regiment

Near Jonesborough

September 10, 1864

Robert O. Douglass of Troup County, Georgia writes about the fall of Atlanta. Reading this letter, one cannot help but conjure up images in Gone With the Wind of Atlanta burning.

Note: At the time of this letter the 41st GA was with Barton’s/Gardner’s brigade, Stevenson’s division, Army of Tennessee
Douglass writes to his sister, in part:

“…I hope though that Old Sherman will allow us to rest for a little while so that we can recuperate our health. I supposed you have heard of Genl Sherman driving all the citizens away from Atlanta. It’s the most brutal and inhumane act I ever heard of. General Hood sends 500 wagons for them Monday… What do you all think of the fall of Atlanta? Are you whipped? I hope not. When you hear of the last Confederate soldier laying in his grave, then you may say that the South is conquered, but not until then. We will continue to fight them as long as we live… Our cause is a just one. God is a just God, therefore, we must win…”

Source: eBay June 2007

Residence Troup County GA; Enlisted on 3/4/1862 as a 3rd Sergt.

On 3/4/1862 he mustered into “E” Co. GA 41st Infantry
He was Surrendered on 4/26/1865 at Greensboro, NC

Promotions:
* 1st Lieut
* Sergt Major 4/8/1862 (Adjutant)

Letter by John W Pitridge, U.S. Army Co. H. 5th Regiment Vermont Volunteer Infantry.

Camp Near Bell Plain Va

January 18th 1863

Dear parents

Tis with much pleasure that I write to let you no that I am well as common but don’t know how long I shall be though for we are going to move tomorrow with 3 days rations in our sacks to parts unknown to us . But we think we have go to go acrossed the river but hope not for it is Death to a good many who go over there and it may be me and it may not be but God knows and no one else so I trust all to him……

Not edited:

Dear parents Tis with much pleasher that I right to let you no that I am well as common but don’t know how long I shal be tho for we are gointo moave tomorrow with 3 days rations in our sacks to parts unnon to us . But we think we have goto go acrost the river but hope not for it is Death to a good meny hoo go over ther and it may be me and it may not be but God Noes and no on elso so I trust all to him…… (more)… John W pitridge To his father & Mother Brother Sister Be Shure and right often to me for it may be som time bfore I can right very soon to you again. John Naylor is well & James B McGibbon is well to. All the boys are well as common but haito moave for they no the effect. Good By for this time. Right Soon John W Pitridge Good By My for this time.

Source: eBay, June 2007

Notes:

At the time he wrote this letter he had just seen action at Fredericksburg Va. – Dec. 13, 1862.

John W. Pitridge resided in Brandon, Vermont and enlisted in the U.S. Army Co. H. 5th Regiment Vermont Volunteer Infantry on September 4th, 1861. He was mustered into the service for 3 years on September 16th, 1861. On September 18 he and Company H camped on Meridian Hill, then crossed Chain Bridge into Virginia to join other Vermont regiments at Camp Advance. From there he participated in the following battles:

Lee’s Mills Va. – April 16, 1862
Williamsburg Va. – May 5, 1862
Golding’s Farm Va. – June 26, 1862
Savage’s Station Va. – June 29, 1862
Antietam Md. - Sept 17, 1862
Fredericksburg Va. – Dec. 13, 1862
Gettysburg Pa. – July 3, 1863
Funkstown Md. – July 10, 1863
Wilderness Va. – May 5-10, 1864
Spottsylvania Va. – May 10-18, 1864
Cold Harbor, Va. – June 1-12, 1864
Petersburg Va. – June 18, 1864
Opequan, Va. – Sept. 13, 1864
Fisher’s Hill, Va. – Sept 21-22, 1864
Cedar Creek, Va. – Oct. 19, 1864
Petersburg Va. – March 25, 27

April 2, 1865 John Pitridge was wounded near the heart during battle at Savage’s Station on June 29th 1862. He was then captured , shortly thereafter exchanged, and honorably discharged on June 29, 1865.

The Fifth regiment Vermont Volunteer Infantry was composed of companies organized at the following towns, the men composing them being enlisted from these and adjoining towns: Company A, St. Alban; B, Middlebury: C, Swanton: D, Hyde Park; E, Manchester; F, Cornwall; G, Rutland; H, Brandon; I, Detachments from Burlington, Poultney and Tinmouth; and K, Richmond. The regiment was mustered into the U.S. Service for 3 years at St. Albans VT 9/16/1861 and in a few days went to Washington and camped on Meridian Hill then crossed into Virginia and joined other Vermont regiments at Camp Advance, when the Old Vermont Brigade was organized. The regiment spent most of the fall and winter of 1861-1862 at Camp Griffin, near Langley, Va., going to fortress Monroe in the Spring of 1862 and taking part in the Peninsula campaign. At Savage’s Station, June 29, 1862 it suffered the greatest loss, killed and wounded, of any Vermont regiment in any one engagement. In this battle, with not over 400 muskets, it lost 188 officers and men in half and hour. The total killed and wounded the Fifth regiment suffered in battle during the 4 years of service was 685.The deaths from disease and accidents in rebel prisons and from other causes were 1 officer and 124 men. The Fifth was one of the 45 Infantry Regiments, out of all the Regiments of the Union Armies, that lost over 200 men, killed or mortally wounded in battle during the War of the Rebellion. It bore an honorable and active part in the battles of Lee’s Mills, Williamsburg, Golding’s Farm, Savage’s Station, White Oak Swamp, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg Dec. ’62, May ’63 and June 1863. Salem Heights, Gettysburg, Funkstown, Rappahannock Station, The Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Jericho Ford, Cold Harbor, Petersburg June ’64, Fort Stevens, Charlestown, Winchester, Fisher’s Hill, Cedar Creek, Petersburg March 25 and April 2 1865, Sailor’s Creek, and other skirmishes and reconnoissances.

Upon the Altar of the Nation: A Moral History of the Civil War
by Harry S. Stout

In the Civil War, Union and Confederate soldiers alike marched to battle believing God was on their side. Stout, professor of American religious history at Yale (The New England Soul), artfully and eloquently examines the evolving rhetoric of warfare, both Northern and Confederate, within the rubric of “the just war” theory of conflict. Stout dissects such public documents as editorials, sermons and speeches, and private documents like diaries and letters, to trace the trajectory of both sides’ rationales for war. But he also makes clear that most high-minded utterances obscured, rather than clarified, the economic issues that lay at the heart of the conflict. Stout argues that even today the moral justifications for the carnage ring louder than do the sordid dollar-and-cents realities that underlay sectional differences. As Stout shows, the Civil War remains with us today as an exercise of civil religion: altars of the two conflicting faiths stand side-by-side at Gettysburg and other venues, sacralized slices of patriotism painted in shades of gray or blue. Stout’s contention that even the North engaged in immoral acts in prosecuting the war will rattle many, but the questions he raises are important in an era when humanitarian justifications for war are increasingly common. 24 b&w illus., 5 maps, not seen by PW.